Wear test machine



Dec. 10, 1946. r l`D. H.l KALLAs lETAI.

WEAR TEST MACHINE DANos H KALLAS Amar-' 1' w c,|zEK.uR.

HOWARD NEST L EN Patented Dec. 10, 1946 WEAR TEST MACHINE `Danos H..'Kallas, Brooklyn, Albert W. Cizek,-Jr.,

East Elmhurstand Howard Nestlen, Woodhaven, N. Y-

Application August 12, 1944, Serial No. 549,252

(Granted under the act of March 3, 188s, as amended Apri; 3o, 192s; 37o o. G. 757) 9 Claims.

This invention relates totesting machines and more particularly to machines for testing the wearing qualities of sheet material such as deck coverings, canvas, etc.

Itis highly desirable to test the wearing qualities of the material under conditions which are as nearly like normal as possible. While testing machines have been designed for simulating the conditions to whichthe material being tested is normally subjected, the present invention has for its object the provision of an improved wear test machine which is simple in design, easy to use and especially suitable for testing the wearing quality of deck coverings.

The invention as shown herein is designed especially to stimulate the wear imparted to the deck covering by the action of persons Walking on a deck covering. To this end and in accordance with the invention novelty resides in a combination of elements in Which a wear test shoe adapted to support a test sample and a wear inducing member are adapted to be brought together in surface to surface contact and means is provided for rotating the shoe and wear in.- ducing member in the plane of their contacting surface and relative to each other. In order to include in the wear action not only the scouring action produced by the sliding movement and turning movement of the foot as in walking, but also the effect of the impact of the foot as it is picked up and put down and the abrasive action of grit, sand etc., ground between kthe shoe and wear inducing surface there is also means for intermittently moving the shoe away from the surface of the wear inducing member and then bring it into engagement with the surface with an impact and means for spreading abrasive .particles on the surface of the wear inducing member 'so that they are brought beneath the wear test sample. l

The details ofthe invention Willv now be described With reference to 4the' accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the preferred form of the machine;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing the shape ofthe lifting cam;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary View showing th weights supported at the upper end' of the spindle 32; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical section along the line 4 4 in Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 1 the invention is illustrated in general as comprising aV base I0, a shoe I2 adapted to support a wear test sample S and a wear inducing member I 4,V the shoe and wear inducing member beingmounted on the base in such a manner as intermittently to be brought together and rotated in directions yto impart Wearing action to the Wear test sample which will simulate the action of Walking, that is the recurring impact and scouring action incident to the act of placing the foot on the ground and subsequently picking it up.

The base I0 has a horizontal supporting surface I6 in which there is formed a central opening I8 adapted to receive a conical shape receptacle 20, the receptacle being supported in the opening I8 by a horizontal ilat bar 2I which is passed diametrically through the walls of the receptacle, rectangular slots 22 being formed in the Walls for this purpose. The opposite ends of the bar 2I are fastened to the top surface of the base I0, and hence, rigidly x the receptacle 2Ilin place. The bottom of the receptacle is provided with an opening Il below whichis placed 4a pan I9 for a purpose which will appear hereinafter.

In order to support the wear test shoe I2 and the Wear inducing member I4 in cooperating relation t0 eachother, there is provided a frame 23 which consists of a horizontal bar 24 fastened to the top side of the bar 2| and vertical walls 26 fastened to the opposite ends of the bar 24, by screws 3. The Walls 26 are joined by a horizontal Web 28 which extends transversely between the Walls at a point spaced from the bar 24, screws 3| being employed for securing the ends of the Web to the Walls. The web is apertured in the number of places, as will appear hereinafter for the reception of bearings'V and shafts for driving the machine.

The shoe I2 is fastened to the lower end of a spindle 32 which is disposed in a vertical position for rotation about'its vertical axis, the spindle being journalled in a bearingv 34 set into the web 28 and a bearing 36 set into a bracket 38, the latter being fastened byv screws 40 to the upper end of one of the Walls 26. A block 42 is provided for bracing the bracket 38, the block being secured in the corner between the wall and bracket by screws 39. The connection between the shoe I2 and the spindle 432 is such that it has substantially universal movement at the end of the spindle. To this end a coupling 43 is fastened by a pin 44 between the walls' of a bifur' cated boss 45 fastenedto the shoe I2 and by a pin 46 which runs at right angles tothe pin 44 to the lower bifurcated end of the spindle 32. It is evident, therefore, that the shoe I2 is free to tilt about the axes ofthe pins. andv 46 in sublate the impact of the foot by mechanism de-v signed to lift the spindle away from the surface of the wear'inducing member and then to allow it to drop by gravity. To this end a plate 52 (Fig. 3) having a downwardly extending sleeve 54 fastened to its underside is placed over the upper end of the spindle 32 and is adapted to support a plurality of weights W. In order 'to hold the weights in place on the plate 52, vertically disposed rods.

56 are fastened at one end to the plate 52 and are joined at their upper ends by a plate 58. The number of weights employed at any given time will depend upon the force of the impact desired and of course will vary the wear for a given number of rotations of the spindle. The impact imparted to the, wear inducing member is provided for vby cam means ,adapted tov lift the spindle 32 away from the surfaceY of the wear inducing member and then allowing the spindle to drop under the force of the weights. 'Iothis end a pair of cams 60 (Fig. 2) are mounted on the upper surface of the bracket 38 at points substantially 180 apart with reference. to the spindle 32'. It is to be observed by reference to Fig. 2 that the cams have sloping upper surfaces 6| which slope upwardly in the direction of rotation of the spindle 32. Cooperating with the cams 60 are a pair of diametrically disposed cam followers 66 which `are journalled in arms 64 extending downwardly from the underside of a collar 62, the collar 62 being fastened to the spindle 32. During each rotation of the spindle it is raised twiceby the passage of the cam followers 66 over the'sloping surface of the cams 60 and allowed to fall, thereby causing the shoe to strike the surfaceV ofthe wear inducing member while it is rotatingr about the axis of the spindle. The shoe drops aboutit.r of an inch and, dropping contact between the sample and the surface |4 may be maintained as the test sample wears by adjustment of the collar 62 on the spindle 32. The shoe I2 consists of a flat plate 68 against the under surface of which is fastened a test sample S. A steel block 69 having its ends cut away at 1| is provided to support the test sample which may be cemented thereto. A pair of bands 10 are employed for clamping the block 69 to the plate 68, the bands being slipped over the ends of the plate and reduced portion of the block and held thereon by screws 12.

^ The wear inducing member I4 which is inthe` form of a steel disc and will be referred to hereinafter as a disc issupported in a horizontal position by means of boss 14 formed on its under surface which is seated in a bearing 16, the latter'being set into the bar 24. In order to hold the disc I4 steady,a spindle 18 is fastened to its upper side, thespindle being journalled in a bearing 80 set into the web 28.l The spindle extends upwardly through the web 28 and has fastened near its upper end a pulley 82 which is connected by a belt or other driving means to Va source of power for rotating the spindle 18 vand hence` the disc.

The'bearing for the disc I4, that is the boss 14 and bearing 16 are quite inaccessible due to the construction of the machine and hence means isV provided for lubricating this bearing. As shown 4 herein, this means comprises a tube |32 disposed beneath the disc and extending radially inward to the bearing 16. The inner end of the tube |32 extends through the wall of bearing 16 and the outer end of the tube is bent upwardly near the peripheral edge of the disc so that its free end extends above the rim of the receptacle 20. It is evident, therefore, that the bearing may readily be lubricated by dropping oil in the open end of the tube |32.

To provide for wearing action which is similar to that vwhich may be met in ordinary conditions, it is necessary to introduce abrasive particles between the wear test sample S and the surface of the disc I4 against which it is being rubbed. To this end abrasive particles a preferably No. 80

. aluminum oxide particles are distributed on the upper surface of the disc by a distributing head 88 which is journalled for rotation about a vertical axis above the disc in a bearing 90 set into the web 28, The head 88 is a hollow cylindrical shaped member, the lower end of which extends through the web 28 to a point adjacent tothe surface of the disc so that the abrasive particles may be deposited on the surface of the disc without undue turbulence that is in a manner to produce as great uniformity as possible. The head 88 is rotated by a sprocket 92 .fastened to the lower end thereof and connected to a sprocket 96 fastened to the spindle 18 by way of a chain 94; The inside of the headv 88, is divided into upper and lower chambers by a transverse horizontally positioned wall 98 through which there is formed a plurality of openings |00 arranged peripheral'` ly thereof. The upper chamber |02 is adapted to receive an agitator |04. The agitator |04 consists of aplurality of radially extending blades fastened on edge to the lower end of a sleeve |06,

.the sleeve |06 being fixed in an aperture |08 formed in a horizontal bar I|0, the bar in turn being fastened at opposite ends to the upper edge of the wall 26 and a wall ||2. The wall ||2 is xed in a vertical position to the web 28. A cover member ||4 having an aperture I I6 therein for the passage of the sleeve |06 is fastened to the open end of the head 88 thereby to close the chamber |02 and a ball bearing ||8 is set into the cover to facilitate rotation of the head 88 with respect; to the sleeve |06 without binding.' The head 88 is supplied with abrasive particles from a hopper |22,'the lower endof which is threaded and adapted to be set into the lupper end of the sleeve |06 which is in turn threaded in acorresponding manner. It is evident that as the abrasive particles flow from the hopper into the chamber |02 Vthe agitator pushes the abrasive "particles radially outward toward the 'openings |00 thereby insuring aconstant supply of particles tothe disc. 111' I i In order to record the rotations ofthe disc,- a counter |24 is fastened tothe bar ||0 insuch a. position that its shaft |26 is substantially inline with the axis of thespindle 18. The.shaft |26 is connected for rotation tothe spindle 18 by a radially extending finger |28 fixed to the lower end of the shaftV |26 for cooperationwith a radially disposed finger v|30 set into the upperend of the spindle 18.

In order to take up the slack in the chain,50 which connects the sprockets 46 and 48 (Fig. 4), there is provided a takeup member r| 34 Whichco'nsists of a cylindrical roller mounted on a vertical stud I 36, the ends of which are 'journalled ina yoke |38. The yoke |38 rests 'ony the uppers'urface of the web 28 and may be moved" toward or away from` one/run of theY chain 50? by aqscrew MII threaded through -a plate H2 ina position -to-bear against the rear surface ofA the-yoke.- Thev plate I42 is fastenedr to the rear edgeof the web 28 by means of bolts |44 extending through -ears formed at opposite sides -of the plate. Y

Inoperation a sample ofthe mater-iai to be testedvis prepared and fastened to the under sur- 4 face of" the shoe I2 by means ofthe bands 20. Abrasive particles of the desired characteristics are placed in the hopper |22, a'sufiicient number ofweig'hts'are placed on the plate 52 to give the desiredfimpact and the machine `is set in operation. It is evident from the description of the machine asset forth above that the spindle 32 is rotated 'inthesame Ydirection as spindle 18 and hence theshoe carrying the test sample is rotated in the plane of its surface about the aXis 0f the spindle 32 and the surface of the disc is rotated relative thereto in the same direction with the spindle l8. This imparts both sliding and twisting action between the surfaces. During the rotation of the shoe I2 and relative rotation between the shoe I2 and disc I4 the shoe is given a reciprocating motion by the cams B0 and the followers 66 so that the shoe is lifted away from the surface of the disc and then allowed to drop against that surface to simulate the impact of the foot on the surface. During the movement of the shoe and the disc the abrasive particles are distributed on the surface of the disc and as the disc rotates they are carried beneath -the surface of the wear test sample. The abrasive is constantly pushed over the edge of the disc as the disc rotates and falls with bits of the test material into the receptacle 20 and thence into the pan I9 from which it may be recovered for reuse after sifting. It is obvious, however, that the machine can be used without employing abrasive particles on the surface of the disc and this may be desirable in cases where wear between the surfaces of the test sample and wear surface would normally take place under conditions in which there would be no abrasive particles present. It is also apparent that the machine is not limited in its use to the testing of deck coverings but that it is equally useful in testing the wearing qualities of other floor coverings such as linoleum or for testing the wearing' qualities of sole leather.

The invention described herein mayl be manufactured and used by and for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

What is claimed is:

l. A wear test machine comprising a rotary wear inducing member, a shoe adapted to support a test sample eccentrically of said wear inducing member in an annular zone thereof, means for rotating said shoe and wear inducing member relative to each other in their plane of contact in said zone, and means for imparting intermittent impact between said shoe and wear inducing member during relative rotation comprising means for urging said shoe toward the surface of the wear inducing member and cam means for intermittently moving said shoe away from the surface of the wear inducing member and then releasing it.

2. A wear test machine comprising a rotary wear inducing member, a shoe adapted to support a test sample eccentrically of said wear inducing member in an annular zone thereof, means for rotating said shoe and wear inducing member relative to each other in the plane of their contact in'said` zone, meansfori'mparting intermittent impact betweenv said shoe f and wear inducing member duringr-elative rotation comprising load-v in'g-means for urging said shoe toward the-.surface` of' the wear inducing member,:mean'sf'for varying the loadof saidloading means, and cam means for intermittently moving sai'dshoe away from the `surface of thewear inducing member andthen releasing it.

3.- A wear test machine comprising vashoe adapted to support a test sample, a wear inducing member vcooperable with the shoe, means for. rotating said `'shoe vand vwea'rfinducing member vrelative to'each other in the plane of the'ir contacting surfaces and 'means' for imparting intermittent impact between saidl shoe and wear inducing member comprising a spindle to one' end iofwhich l the shoe` israttached, said spindle'lbeing mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis and for reciprocation to and from the wear inducing member, a support on the other end of the spindle adapted to receive a weight for urging the spindle and consequently the shoe toward the surface of the wear inducing member, a cam follower on said spindle and a cam cooperable with the cam follower to cause the spindle intermittently to be moved away from the wear inducing member and then released.

4. A wear test machine comprising a' shoe adapted to support a test sample, a wear inducing member cooperable with the shoe, means for rotating said shoe and wear inducing member relative to each other in the plane of their contacting surface and means for imparting intermittent impact between said shoe and wear inducing member during relative rotation comprising a, spindle to one end of which the shoe is attached for universal movement with respect thereto, said spindle being mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis and for reciprocation to and from the wear inducing mem-ber, a support at the other end of the spindle adapted to receive a variable number of weights for urging the spindle and consequently the shoe toward the surface of the wear inducing member, cam followers mounted on the spindle and cams cooperable with the cam followers to cause the spindle to be intermittently moved away from the wear inducing member and then released.

5. A wear test machine comprising a shoe adapted to support a test sample, a wear inducing member, means for intermittently imparting impact between said shoe and said wear inducing member, means for rotating said shoe and wear inducing member in the plane of their contact with each other and relative to each other and means for uniformly distributing an abrasive on the surface of said wear inducing member.

6. A wear test machine comp-rising a shoe adapted to support a test sample, a wear inducing member, means for intermittently imparting impact between said shoe and said wear inducing member, means for rotating said shoe and wear inducing member in the plane of their contact, a hopper for abrasive particles, a distributor associated with said hopper adjacent to the surface of the wear inducing member and means for rotating the distributor to cause uniform distribution of the abrasive on the surface of the wear inducing member. y

7. A Wear test machine comprising a shoe adapted to support a test sample, a wear inducing member, means for intermittently imparting impact between said shoe and said wear inducing member, means for rotating said shoe and wearv inducing member in the plane of their contact with each other and relative to each other, a hopper for abrasive particles, a distributor head associated with the hopper, said distributor head being adapted to receive a flow of abrasive particles from the hopper by gravity, and having a -delivery opening adjacent to the surface of the wearinducing member and means for rotating theA distributor head relative to the hopper and in the same direction of rotation as that of the Wear inducing member.

8. A wear test machine comprising a shoe adapted to support a test sample, a wear inducing member, means for intermittently imparting impact between said shoe and said wear inducing member, means for rotatingV said shoe and wear inducing member in the plane of their contact with each other and relative to each other, means for uniformly vdistributing an abrasive on the surface of the wear inducing member and means for recovering the used abrasive.`

9. A wear test machine comprising a rot disc, a rotary shoe adapted to support a, test sample eccentrically of said disc, means for in termittently imparting impact between said shoe and said disc, means for rotating the shoe and disc in the plane of their contact relative to each other whereby to eilect engagement therebetween in an annular zone of said disc, means for constantly depositing a uniform distribution of abrasive upon the surface of sai-d disc directly in saidvannular zone.

DANOS H. KALLAS.

ALBERT W, CIZEK, JR.

HOWARD NES'I'LEN. 

